Nature vs. Nurture Essay

ABSTRACTThe subject of nature versus upgrade is addressed. Both nature and nurture feel strong effects on how gays learn and are able to learn. Observations of three children discuss how nature has caused conditions that hinder development as well as how human intervention has enabled these children to grow despite their conditions. Nature and nurture eat up negative aspects that may or may not be improved to nurse development. Nature and nurture interact in human development.Keywords Nature, nurture, Pi erat, cochlear implant, epilepsy, Erikson, Gilligan, Vygotksy, Kohlberg, Outliers.NATURE VERSUS NURTURENature? Nurture? Both? Theorists have struggled for more than a vitamin C with which variable has the greater effect on human larn. When we refer to nature in learning we are discussing the biological elements of human learning and intelligence, such as, chromosomes and DNA, the biota of the hit, and diseases, syndromes or conditions that the individual may be born with or d evelop in their lifespan (Society for Neuroscience, 2012) The theoretical framework of Genetic Epistemology of Jean Piaget was based on his naturalistic research of children. Piaget was most concerned with how knowledge developed in children. His theory advocated 4 stages of development sensorimotor, preoperational stage, concrete operations, and formal operations, which he assigned to opposite age groups (Genetic Epistemology, n.d.) to explain when and how human cognitive development occurs.I have observed natural effects in several children in my life and have seen how nature has affected their learning. Mikaela and CJ are the children of our dear friends. It is theorized that Mikaela may all have lost her listening shortly after birth or was born without auditory sense (Sorenson and Sievert, personal discussion and observation, 2004). CJ was born with hearing but has lost nearly all hearing in one ear and needs a hearing aid in the other ear (Sorenson and Sievert, personal di scussion, 2006). When Mikaela was diagnosed around 2 years of age, she was fitted with cochlear implants (Sorenson, personal discussion, 2004). CJ was fitted with one cochlear implant around 5 years old (Sorenson, personal discussion 2008). Mikaela struggled to traverse the lack of aural stimulation and verbal acquisition. She will still sign now at age 13 when she wants to communicate quickly. Her speech is very monotonic even after speech therapy (Sievert, observation, May 2014).CJ learned to read very quickly and would amuse himself on early Saturday mornings with watching WWII history and reading the captions so as to not wake the family (Sorenson, personal communication, 2009). They adapted and created schemas to bridge the challenge. My grandson Micah was diagnosed with epilepsy in April 2013 at 13 months of age. The exaltation activity and the use of medications affected his brain activity to nearly wipe out all developmental milestone (Sievert, observation and interaction , May 2013). MRI results showed areas of the brain had atrophied.His physical and occupational therapists have retrained his neural pathways and he is now a normal 27 month old (Sievert, observation and interaction, 2014). All of these children were able to overcome natural challenges with interventions. ADD/ADHD (WebMD.com, 2014) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (CDC.gov, 2014) are both natural in their origin and are universe studied now to find interventions that enable these individuals to become empowered learners in classroom learning environments (Jensen, 2005).The term nurture refers to the effects of interaction in the development of the individual and can range from human interaction with caregivers, peers, and society, to environment and technological devices (UCSB.edu, 2001). Vygotsky, Erikson, Kohlberg and Gilligan would be theorists who tendto place more emphasis on how environment shapes the cognitive and moral development of the individual. Lev Vygotksy claimed that all learning was shaped by the interactions of the child with society and culture as well as how language developed (McLeod, 2007). Language acquisition was seen as very Copernican in cognitive development, especially in developing private speech. Erikson saw cognitive development as a lifelong activity with 8 psychosocial stages, to each one having a crisis that called for resolution in the individual in family relationship to the society (McLeod, 2008).Both Kohlberg and Gilligan based their moral reasoning models on how children learn in relationship to the society around them plus possible societal roles placed on boys or girls (Nucci, 2014). Nurture led to Mikaela, CJ, and Micah overcoming obstacles of nature with the assistance of other humans either creating new tools to overcome hearing loss (NIDCD, 2013) or have humans developing therapies that retrain the brain (Sheikh, 2012). Lack of nurture can include silly or inadequate food and shelter, lack of sensory stimulation, te chnology used as a babysitter, or a lack of interaction in the midst of parent and child (Harris, 1998). I have also observed too much nurture in my school. Parents may do this by constant observe of homework and grades, helping too much with work, overscheduling activities for students, intensive requests for special treatment, or by requesting more homework (Dawson, Clarke, Bredehoft, 2006).The story of Chris Langan in Outliers (2008) is a classic interpreter of how a lack of nurture can set up a chain of failure for an incredibly intelligent man. It is clear that neither nature nor nurture is the decisive factor in human cognition or moral development. We know more than ever about how the brain functions and how the brain must be well treated to make the most of what is available (Jensen, 2005). Physical and mental conditions can determine just how much growth potential is in a human being. New therapies and technologies are constantly in development, trial, and implementation . Proper nurture in a societal and cultural environment has proven necessary for every individual. Nature and nurture need to be skillfully blended to ensure every child is empowered to attain their full potential (Jensen, 2005).REFERENCESSociety for Neuroscience. (2012). judgement facts A primer on the brain and nervous system. Retrieved May 19, 2014, from BrainFacts.orghttp//cup.blackboard.com/bbcswebdav/courses/20144043208/resources/week1/w1%20brain_facts_2012.pdfGenetic epistemology (Jean Piaget). (n.d.). Retrieved on May 29, 2014 from http//www.instructionaldesign.org/theories/genetic-epistemology.html.WebMD.com. (2014). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Causes of ADHD. Retrieved on June 14, 2014 from http//www.webmd.com/add-adhd/guide/adhd-causes.Jensen, E. (2005). Teaching with the brain in mind. Alexandria, VA Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.UCSB.edu. (2001). Nature and nurture. Retrieved on June 14, 2014 from http//www.soc.ucsb.edu/faculty/bal dwin/classes/soc142/n&n.htmlMcLeod, S. A. (2007). Lev vygotsky. Retrieved on June 2, 2014 from http//www.simplypsychology.org/vygotsky.html.McLeod, S. A. (2008). Erik erikson. Retrieved on May 29, 2014 from http//www.simplypsychology.org/Erik-Erikson.html.Nucci, L. (2014). Moral development and education An overview. Retrieved on June 5, 2014 from http//www.moraledk12.org/combined-theories/c3q9. issue Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. (2013). Cochlear implants. Retrieved on June 14, 2014 from https//www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/hearing/pages/coch.aspxSheikh, S. (2012). Epilepsy Definition, prevention and the role of occupational therapy. Retrieved on June 14, 2014 from http//www.slideshare.net/betrayer1990/occupational-therapy-for-epilepsy-an-overviewHarris, J.R. (1998). The nurture self-reliance Why children turn out the waythey do. Retrieved on June 14, 2014 from http//www.nytimes.com/books/first/h/harris-nurture.html.Dawson, C. and Clarke, J. and Bredehoft, D. (2006). Overnurturing Too much of a good thing (When helping stops being helpful). Retrieved from http//www.educarer.com/oi-nurturing.htmGladwell, M. (2008). Outliers The story of success. New York, NY Back Bay Books.